Dr. Manjunatha VK

MBBS, MD, MPH, PGDCR, CCACN, Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicinee SSIMS&RC, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Corresponding Author: Dr Manjunatha VK, MBBS, MD, MPH, PGDCR, CCACN, Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicinee SSIMS&RC, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Email ID: kaligoudmanju@gmail.com

Citation: Dr Manjunatha VK (2025) An Epidemiology, Trends, Status, and Recent Nutritional Initiatives for Tuberculosis Patients: A Comprehensive Type of Scoping Review. Int J Fam Med Pub Health, 4(2);1-11.

Copyrights: © 2025, Dr Manjunatha VK. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract:

Background: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Risk factors such as undernutrition, diabetes, and lowered immunity allow tuberculosis bacteria to multiply rapidly, destroying the tissues of the lungs and other organs. Nutrition is a basic human need and a prerequisite to a healthy life. It will cause a complex variety of metabolic and nutritional changes in the body and is associated with an increase in energy expenditure and changes in macronutrient metabolism. Inadequate intake of macronutrients, micronutrients, or both leads to weight loss, wasting, and worsening of the nutritional status of patients. Thus, Tuberculosis makes undernutrition worse, and undernutrition weakens the immunity. Hence, TB has a vast and severe effect on the nutritional status of the body.

Objective:

* To review the epidemiological factors, trends, status, nutritional advances techniques among the TB patients.

* To address research gaps in nutrition, awareness, and the need for various interventions among the TB patients.

Methods: A comprehensive type of scoping review was conducted with the help of different databases. It included PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Researcher Gate, Scilit, Index Copernicus, Index Medicus, Scope Med, CrossRef, and BMC for articles published and also cited for different official public health reports and books up to 2023. Studies were included based on relevance to nutrition status, epidemiological factors, trends, and recent advanced techniques among tuberculosis patients.

Results and Conclusion: The TB burden is more common in developing countries. Socioeconomic factors have a high rate of impact on TB in a low-income country. As per WHO, a low BMI [Body Mass Index] <18.5Kg/m2 is the best weight-related morbidity predictor. Malnutrition is an important risk factor for the progression of underlying active TB disease. Lifestyle characteristics were shown that significantly associated with the development and progression of disease. These include the use of alcohol and tobacco. Very often, malnutrition is neither recognized nor addressed in patients with TB. It will worsen, delay recovery, and increase the frequency and length of health care center visits. Malnutrition impacts an individual’s health, well-being, and ability to work or perform daily activities. The important clinical signs and symptoms of TB-associated malnutrition were anemia, wasting, loss of lean and fat mass, etc.

Keywords: TB, Micro and Micronutrition, Body Mass Index, Healthy life, Rural area, Urban, and Tribal areas.